Motivation Theories – Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
Maslow describes BIOGENIC and PSYCHOGENIC needs.
BIOGENIC needs – biological determinants of behaviour.
PSYCHOGENIC needs – emotional or psychological determinants of behaviour.
He described two “higher order needs.” These are:
- The need for freedom of inquiry and expression: for social conditions permitting free speech and encouraging justice, fairness and honesty.
- The need for knowledge and understanding: to gain and order knowledge of the environment, to explore, learn and experiment.
Maslow’s hierarchy is as follows
Physiological needs – food, shelter.
Safety needs – security, order, predictability, freedom from threat.
Love/Social needs – for relationships, affection, belonging.
Esteem needs – for independence, affection, belonging.
Self Actualisation – fulfillment of personal potential
Each level of need is dominant until satisfied. A need which has been satisfied no longer motivates a person. However, according to Malsow, the need for self-actualisation can never be satisfied.
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